1.5 Identify common TCP and UDP default ports.
|
Protocol |
IP protocol |
Port Used |
|
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) |
TCP |
21 |
|
SFTP (Secure FTP) |
SCTP,TCP |
22 |
|
FTPS (FTP Secure) |
FTP |
443 |
|
TFTP (Trivial FTP) |
UDP |
69 |
|
Telnet |
TCP |
23 |
|
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) |
TCP |
80 |
|
HTTPS (HTTP Secure) |
TCP |
443 |
|
SCP (Secure Copy) |
SCTP, TCP |
22 |
|
SSH (Secure SHell) |
SCTP, TCP |
22 |
|
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) |
TCP |
25 |
|
DNS (Domain Name Service) |
UDP |
53 |
|
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) |
TCP, UDP |
161 |
|
SNMP Trap (Simple Network Management Protocol Trap ) |
TCP, UDP |
162 |
|
ISAKMP (VPN) – Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (virtual private network) |
UDP |
500 |
|
TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System) |
TCP,UDP |
49 |
|
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) |
TCP |
110 |
|
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) |
TCP |
119 |
|
IMAP4 (Internet message access protocol version 4) |
TCP |
143 |
|
Kerberos |
UDP |
88 |
|
Syslog |
TCP,UDP |
514 |
|
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) |
UDP |
1701 |
|
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) |
TCP |
1723 |
|
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) |
TCP, UDP |
3389 |
1.6 Explain the function of common networking protocols.
TCP/IP is the protocol, which is used by all internet applications such as WWW, FTP, Telnet etc. IPX/SPX is proprietary protocol stack of Novell NetWare.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): UDP is a thin protocol. UDP is a connectionless protocol. It doesn't contact the destination before sending the packet and doesn't care whether the packet is reached at the destination.
Telnet is used for terminal emulation that runs programs remotely. Telnet uses TCP/IP protocol. Telnet requires a username and password to access. It is client-server protocol
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a connection oriented protocol. It uses TCP/IP for file transfer. It is client-server protocol
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) that uses UDP (Connectionless protocol).
SNMP is part of TCP/IP protocol suite. It allows you to monitor and manage a network from a centralized place by using SNMP Manager software. The systems or devices that provide the responses are called agents (or MIBs). An SNMP agent is any computer running SNMP agent software. MIB stands for Management Information Base. It is part of SNMP agent database. A MIB records and stores information abut the host it is running on. An SNMP manager can request and collect information from an agent's MIB. Routers are typical MIB agents. SNMP agent generates "trap" messages that are then sent to an SNMP management console, which is a trap destination.
HTTP is the protocol used for accessing the World Wide Web services. HTTP operates over TCP/IP. 15. TCP: TCP is a full-duplex, connection-oriented protocol. It incorporates error checking as well.
1.7 Summarize DNS concepts and its components
The most common type of DNS record is a Host record (also called an A record). In the Internet, a Host record is used to associate a domain name (FQDN – Fully Qualified Domain Name) with an IP address.
An MX record stores the IP address of your SMTP server, so e-mail clients can determine where a message should be sent. They perform a DNS query against a domain's MX record to get the IP address of the organization's SMTP server.
An Alias record's job is to associate an alternate name with a computer for which there is already a Host record. For example, suppose that the host record for relevant looked like this: Relevant Host (A) 200.100.100.199
Alias record is like a redirect. For example, you have a site mydomain.com. However, someone enters www.mysite.com, You want him or her to be directed to the web.mysite.com. Since there is no server on the network named "www," set up an Alias record that associates www with mysite.com. The Alias record looks something like this: www Alias (CNAME) mysite.com
MAC address record is not associated with DNS server records
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